can be的用法 與could be有什么區(qū)別
2021-09-09 14:46:11文/葉丹can be和could be是時(shí)態(tài)的差別,有時(shí)候could be表語(yǔ)氣的委婉。must be是肯定的推測(cè),can't be是否定的推測(cè),還有may be might be等都可以表推測(cè)。

can be,could be用法上的不同
1. can只有兩種時(shí)態(tài), 即can 和could, 而be able to 有多種時(shí)態(tài), 如was/were able to, will/shall be able to, have/has been able to等:
I’ll be able to drive the car in a week.
Through his diligent work, the deaf-mute has been able to read and write in a sign language.
2.表示過(guò)去通過(guò)努力終于做成了某事要用be able to,而不能用can。如:
I was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over.
can 和be able to 都可以表示能力.can泛指一般的能力,而且只有兩種形式,即:can, could.be able to 則主要指具體做到了某件事的能力,其形式主要是靠be 發(fā)生變化,所以形式比can 多.可以說(shuō):I can swim. I am able to swim. 但是不能說(shuō):All the people could escape from the big fire in time. 只能說(shuō):All the people were able to escape from the fire in time.
3.can能表猜測(cè),be able to不能。can的這種用法主要用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。
Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be?
It can’t be our teacher who is knocking at the door.
其肯定形式是must be。如:
It must be our teacher who is knocking at the door.
must have done something 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成或過(guò)去動(dòng)作的猜測(cè),其否定形式是can’t have done。如:
“His parents must have gone abroad.” “No, I don’t think so. They can’t have gone, for I saw them only this morning.”
要特別注意它們的反意問(wèn)句形式:
He must be a good teacher,mustn’t /isn’t he?
The students must have gone to bed, haven’t they?
They must have finished their lessons yesterday, didn’t they?
could既可以用肯定形式,又可以用疑問(wèn)或否定形式。如果用could表示現(xiàn)在“可能”,比can語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。如:
If you don’t spend enough time on your studies, you could fail in the final examination.
It could be our teacher who turned off the light last night.
與It must be our teacher. 相比,這句話表示的可能性更小, 因?yàn)樗硎玖藘煞N可能性, 既 “可能是”也可能“不是”,而 must be 只表示了一種猜測(cè)。
could have done 這個(gè)句型有它的特殊含意,表示“本來(lái)可能做到而未做到的事”。如:
Our class team could have won the game.
再看以下例句:
He cannot be over praised for what he has done for all of us.
可能有同學(xué)會(huì)理解為 “不能因?yàn)樗麨槲覀兇蠹易隽诉@些事情而過(guò)分表?yè)P(yáng)?!逼鋵?shí)這樣理解是錯(cuò)的, 因?yàn)檫@里的cannot be不是表 “不能”,而是表 “不可能是” 的意思, 因此這句話的意思是“他為我們大家做了這些事, 應(yīng)該受到大大的表?yè)P(yáng)?!?即 “再怎么表?yè)P(yáng)也不過(guò)分”。
4.can 可以表 “允許”, 與may可以互換, 此時(shí)不能用be able to 代替。如:
“Can / May I sit here?” “Yes, please.”
由于may not 有兩個(gè)意思, 即 “不可能” 和 “不許可”, 因此使用時(shí)要特別注意。如:
He may not go home this weekend.
此句既可以表示 He will probably not go home this weekend.也可以表示 I don’t permit him to go home this weekend. 在口語(yǔ)中,表達(dá)這兩種不同的含義是通過(guò)句重音來(lái)解決的。如:
He may `not go home this weekend. (I don’t permit him to go home this weekend.)
He `may not go home this weekend. (He will probably not go home this weekend.)
而在書(shū)面表達(dá)時(shí)不可能使用句重音的手段, 所以最好用can’t代替may not來(lái)表示 “不可能”:
He can’t go home this weekend.
5. can 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,只能用作謂語(yǔ)成分,be able to是普通動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),既可以作謂語(yǔ),也可以作非謂語(yǔ)。如:
How I long to be able to communicate with the foreigners in fluent English!
6. be able to 后邊接動(dòng)詞不定式表示一種實(shí)際情況時(shí),其否定形式不是be not able to,而是cannot。如:
Were you able to catch the first bus yesterday morning?
No, I couldn’t.
7. 一般說(shuō)來(lái), be able to 后邊的動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:
I’m sure he is able to correct his mistakes in grammar.
can的四種用法
1、can用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本意思是“能,能夠”“可以”“可能,會(huì)”,可表示體力、智力能夠完成一件事情或環(huán)境賦予的能力; 也可表示由于環(huán)境或其他因素而產(chǎn)生的可能性,用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中; 還可表示環(huán)境、條件或法律的許可。can也可表示要求、拜托、請(qǐng)求、驚訝等。
2、can可與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞搭配,構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞性合成謂語(yǔ),表示“能力”; 也可用在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中,與be、進(jìn)行式的動(dòng)詞或完成式的動(dòng)詞搭配,是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的推測(cè),表示“絕不可能”“難道…嗎?”。
3、can與表示知覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞搭配使用時(shí),通常不用于進(jìn)行體。
4、can的否定式can't或cannot表示智力或體力不夠、不可能或禁止?!癱an't help v -ing”表示“不禁…”“禁不住做某事”。
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