被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化也如此。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be在一般情況下都是不可以省略的。但是在前置定語(yǔ)修飾的時(shí)候或后置的定語(yǔ)從句中是可以省略的。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不用be的情況

一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不用be的情況

1.前置定語(yǔ)修飾的時(shí)候

The broken glass.破碎的杯子。

2.后置的定語(yǔ)從句中省略be動(dòng)詞

The man() given a praise is my uncle.被表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)男人是我的叔叔。

省略的部分是“Which is be”。

二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1.構(gòu)成

（1）助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

（2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

2.特殊用法

（1）不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：happen, break down, come out......

What will happen in 100 years.

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

（2）有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如： write, sell, ride.....

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

（3）感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶“to”，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上“to”。

make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

（4）如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)（物）作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

（5）一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.