介詞是英語高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一，高中生怎么才能學(xué)好英語介詞。在高考中它的主要考點(diǎn)有：介詞的基本用法;介詞短語的用法;介詞與名詞、動詞、形容詞的搭配;介詞與非謂語動詞連用;with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

對介詞的基本用法的考查

例1 (2015新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷) ... For those who fly to Guilin， it’s only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

解析 by?？疾榻樵~by的基本用法，by在這里用來表示方式，如：by boat/bus/car/plane/air/land/sea，意為“乘船/公共汽車/轎車/飛機(jī)/飛機(jī)/經(jīng)陸路/海路”。

例2 (2015新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·改錯) ... Unfortunately， on the development of industrialization， the environment has been polluted.

解析 on→with?？疾榻樵~with的基本用法，意為“隨著……”。如：The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset. (隨著太陽西沉，影子越來越長。)

點(diǎn)撥 從歷年高考題可以看出，介詞類考題主要是考查一些常用介詞的基本含義，這就要求同學(xué)們掌握常用介詞的基本用法。英語的常用介詞包括in，on，at，by，to，for，from，before，after，about，over，above，under，with等。介詞的用法多而雜，一個介詞可能有多種不同的用法;一個相近的意思又可以用不同的介詞表達(dá)。所以在備考中必須逐一掌握每個介詞的用法，弄清楚易混介詞的用法異同，能夠根據(jù)具體語境靈活運(yùn)用介詞。

對介詞短語的考查

例3 (2015新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·完形填空) ... Stepping out not only helped a brother in 59 ， it also gave my kids the 60 (sweet) taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them.

59. A. need B. love

C. fear D. memory

解析A?？疾榈氖墙樵~in構(gòu)成的介詞短語。in need意為“在貧困中，在危難中”， in love意為“相愛”， in fear意為“恐懼地”，in memory“在記憶中”。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，選項A符合題意。

例4 (2014新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·改錯) ... As result， the plants are growing somewhere.

解析 此題應(yīng)在as和result中間加上a，考查的是介詞短語as a result， 意為“結(jié)果”。

例5 (2013新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·改錯) ... In a fact， he even scared my classmates away during(應(yīng)改為when) they came over to play or do homework with me.

解析 此題應(yīng)去掉a，考查的是介詞短語in fact， 意為“事實上”。

點(diǎn)擊查看：英語短期沖刺備考 招招實用

點(diǎn)撥 介詞短語的結(jié)構(gòu)固定，含義特定，但需將其分類，然后再理解記憶。例如：

1. on show/display/sale/strike/duty/trial等;

2. of value/importance/use/color/age/size/height/weight/significance等;

3. to one’s joy/surprise/pleasure/sorrow/delight/astonishment等;

4. in surprise/wonder/alarm/terror/horror/delight等;

5. by air/bicycle/boat/bus/car/plane/train等;

6. out of breath/control/question/sight等。

對介詞與名詞、動詞、形容詞的搭配的考查

例6 (2014新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·改錯) ... Nearly five years before(應(yīng)改為ago)， and with the help by our father， my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.

解析 by→of。考查介詞與名詞的搭配，with the help of sb. 意為“在某人的幫助之下”。

例7 (2014新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷·改錯) ... We can lie on the grass for a rest， sat by the lake listening music.

解析 此題在listening和music中間加上介詞to， 考查的是介詞與動詞的搭配。listen to意為“聽”。

例8 ... Gather (應(yīng)改為Gathing) around here， we practise spoken English by talking about everything we are interested.

解析 interested后加上in?？疾榈氖墙樵~與形容詞的搭配。be interested in sth. 意為“對……感興趣”。

點(diǎn)撥 高考命題者往往利用介詞與名詞、動詞、形容詞之間的搭配來命題，以考查同學(xué)們的識記和運(yùn)用能力。為了方便記憶，可將其分類。例如，在梳理介詞與動詞的搭配時，可將其分成兩類：

1. 同一介詞跟不同動詞構(gòu)成不同意義的短語動詞，以for為例。

You will have to answer for your behaviour one day. (對……負(fù)責(zé))

His illness accounts for his absence. (解釋，說明)

I’ll apply for the job today. (申請)

The sort of work calls for a lot of patience. (需要)

She moved back home to care for her elderly parents. (照顧)

Are you still looking for a job? (尋找)

CPC stands for the Communist Party of China. (代表)

2. 同一動詞跟不同介詞構(gòu)成不同意義的短語動詞，以go為例。

We are both going after the same job. (追求，謀求)

He would not go against his parents’ wishes. (違背)

They went at the job as if their lives depended on it. (拼命干)

That’s a good rule to go by. (遵循)

What I said about Peter goes for you， too. (適用于)

Go over your work before you hand it in. (仔細(xì)檢查)

The country has gone through too many wars. (經(jīng)歷)

對介詞與非謂語動詞連用的考查

例9 (2015新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷) ... In addition to their simple beauty， what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability (able) to “air condition”a house without 64 (use) electric equipment.

解析 using?？疾榻樵~without與非謂語動詞的連用，構(gòu)成“介詞+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。

例10 (2014新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷) ... One morning， I was waiting at the bus stop， worried about 61 (be) late for school.

解析 being?？疾榻樵~about后接動名詞作賓語。

點(diǎn)撥 介詞后面通常接動名詞作賓語，但是but/except(除了)之后則要接不定式作賓語。例如：

She had no choice but to wait. 除了等待她別無選擇。

對with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的考查

例11 A real trial began when I stood on the platform with my legs 36 (tremble) and my mind blank.

解析 trembling?？疾閣ith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“with+名/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/非謂語動詞形式”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常用來作狀語(表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等)，也可用作定語。在本題中的with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，my legs和tremble存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。又如：

1. The students left the classroom with the windows open. (形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語)

2. Mother asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on. (副詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語)

3. The teacher came in with a book in his hand. (介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語)

4. With prices going up， we can’t buy a house. (現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語)

5. With a lot of difficult problems settled， the manager felt very pleased. (過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語)

6. With a lot of homework to do， he refused the invitation. (不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語)

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