be going to +動詞原形;shall/will + 動詞原形;be + to do(動詞原形);be about to do(動詞原形);be +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞)。

1. will/ shall do表示單純的將來，或臨時要做某事。

will用于各種人稱，shall一般用于第一人稱，但是will表示將來通常不用于狀語從句中，而用一般現(xiàn)在時代替。

Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？

I’ll tell him the truth if I see him tomorrow.如果我明天看到他，我就告訴他實情。

You said Tom is ill?I’ll go to see him now.

你說湯姆病了？我現(xiàn)在馬上去看他。

注意：在if引導的條件狀語從句中可以用will表示主語的意愿。

If you will listen to me, I’ll tell you the truth.如果你愿意聽我說，我就告訴你實情。

2. be going to指現(xiàn)在的打算、意圖，表示最近的計劃和安排。

be going to可以表示計劃、安排要做的事，也可表示有跡象表明最近的將來要發(fā)生的事。

Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.(2015浙江高考)

我也不打算問你們單詞是什么意思。

What are you going to do this weekend?你這周末打算干什么呢？

It is going to rain, sowe’d better stay indoors.要下雨了，因此我們最好待在室內(nèi)。

3. be doing與表示將來的時間連用，表示不久的將來計劃要發(fā)生的事或動作。

When are you going off for your holiday?你什么時候去度假？

Are you staying here till next week?你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？

4. be to do表示按預定計劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情，還可以表示“注定”、“可能性”、“義務”等。

He is to have a holiday.他要度假了。

You are to pay for your fault.你得為你的失誤付出代價。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。

You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.

你要去那家旅館，房間已經(jīng)給你預定了。

5.一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。分為三種情況：

1）按照規(guī)定（如工作計劃、各種時刻表）要發(fā)生的未來的動作，僅限于go, come, leave, start, stay, return, begin等等。

The train leaves ten minutes later.火車十分鐘后啟動。

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.車來了。

2）用于時間狀語從句（when, unitl，...）、條件狀語從句（if，unless，...）等，代替will表示的一般將來時。

I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就寫信給你。

3）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。

I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了

6. be about to do剛要，正要，表示非常近的將來。

1)be about to不能和表示將來的時間副詞連用。

2)be about to do... when ...正要……的時候……事情發(fā)生了。

He is about to leave for Beijing.他馬上要去北京。

She was about to dish up when some guests came.

她剛要上菜開飯，這時來了一些客人。

As she was about to speak, I frowned her down.

她剛要開口，我就皺皺眉示意她別出聲。

I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so.

我正要去游泳，這時向?qū)Т舐暯形也灰ァ?/p>