by oneself，這個(gè)往往在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，可以將其省略，句子還是通順的。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是方式，即一個(gè)人、獨(dú)自地。oneself在句子中作同位語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。只有作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。

如the boy came to the shop himself中的himself是同位語(yǔ)。He isn't quite himself。他今天狀態(tài)不好。中的himself不可以省略。He enjoyed himself at the party。派對(duì)上，他玩得很開(kāi)心。賓語(yǔ)，不可以省略。

一、反身代詞的基本形式

反身代詞是 oneself根據(jù)所指詞的人稱、性別、單復(fù)數(shù)等的變化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。

二、oneself與himself

當(dāng)one指人時(shí)，其相應(yīng)的反身代詞通常用oneself, 在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中也可用himself：

One should not praise oneself [himself]. 一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該自吹自擂。

三、反身代詞的句法功能

1. 用作同位語(yǔ)(加強(qiáng)被修飾詞的語(yǔ)氣，緊放在被修飾名詞后, 或句末)：

The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。

Mrs.Black herself is a lawyer. 布萊克太太本人就是一名律師。

You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好問(wèn)司機(jī)本人。

Martin himself attended the sick man. 馬丁親自照顧病人。

Don’t trouble to come over yourself. 你不必費(fèi)神親自來(lái)了。

You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是這樣說(shuō)的。

Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己該做的事留給別人做。

2. 用作賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ))：

Take good care of yourself. 好好照顧你自己。

He has a right to decide for himself. 他有權(quán)為自己做出決定。

He made no complaint for himself. 他沒(méi)為自己抱怨什么。

The child can dress himself. 這孩子能自己穿衣服了。

She finally gained control of herself. 最后她控制住了自己。

She could not make herself understood. 她不能使別人聽(tīng)懂她的話。

Everybody here has the influenza including myself. 包括我在內(nèi)所有人都患上流感。

The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭著哭著睡著了。

She convinced herself that it was so. 她說(shuō)服自己情況是這樣的。

He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一兩把手槍用來(lái)自衛(wèi)。