江西南昌 2020 年高考模擬試卷 英語試題

注意事項(xiàng)：

1 .?? 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2 .?? 回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑 。 如需改動 ， 用橡皮擦干凈后 ， 再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號 。 回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。

3 .?? 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分???? 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分 40 分）

第一節(jié)?? （共 15 小題 ； 每小題 2 分，滿分 30 分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

What is body surfing?

Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. That’s why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sports—free climbing and cliff diving are. others—that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.

How do you do it?

To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.

What do you need?

It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.

Unofficial world championship

Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.

1. How does a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?

A. Only using the human body.? B. Only relying on a surfboard.

C. Only following a wave.? D. Only swimming along the beach.

2. Which can make you surf faster?

A. Flippers and a wetsuit.? B. A wetsuit and a handboard.

C. A handboard and boardshorts.? D. A handboard and Flippers.

3. What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?

A. It is for local bodysurfers.? B. It is held annually in Hawaii.

C. All famous bodysurfers favor it.? D. Mike Stewart attends it every year.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)非專業(yè)的運(yùn)動 —— 人體沖浪。

1. A?? 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段 Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. 和 that can be practiced using nothing but the human body. 可知，人體沖浪是在沒有沖浪板等輔助工具幫助的情況下在海浪上沖浪。故選 A 。

2. D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段 It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes).? 如果你使用腳蹼會更舒適、更安全，和 Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave.? 一只手拿著沖浪板可以加速沖浪。故選 D 。

3.B? 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段 Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year.? 在夏威夷每年都會有一個(gè)名為管道人體沖浪經(jīng)典的節(jié)日。故選 B 。

B

Promise Sawyers, a 10-year-old girl in Nashville, Tenn., is inspiring people old and young after making a video before going to school “bigger and better” with her natural hair, just one day after she was made fun of for her? afro .

Promise Sawyers’ motivational video was posted online by her mom Qui Daugherty, after the 5th-grader secretly recorded it on Daugherty’s phone. In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling “some type of way” after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before. But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the following day. “Don’t allow anyone to steal your joy,” Promise said. “Don’t give them that much power.”

Daugherty says that Promise has been surrounded by that type of positivity her whole life. She’s always taught her daughter to “meet a negative with a positive”, even when somebody is trying to bring her down. And although this example seems like one of the more disheartening(? 令人氣餒的 ) ones that Promise has faced after starting at a new school, her video proved that she took her mom’s advice to heart.

Now, nearly 2 million views later, people everywhere are responding to the video. “We had no idea the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messages,” Daugherty said. “It’s made a huge impact behind the scenes that has blessed me personally.”

Daugherty jokes that Promise doesn’t understand how influential her words are. Instead, the 10-year-old is just excited about the millions of views.

“I just tell her not to focus on the numbers,” Daugherty says. “Let’s find a way we can be impactful behind this and make an influence and inspire people. That’s all we want.”

4. What does the underlined word “afro” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A. A hairstyle.

B. A disability.

C. An attitude.

D. A video.

5. What did Promise decide to do after being teased by her classmates?

A. Seek some advice from her mother.

B. Make herself look bigger and better.

C. Record her sadness on video silently.

D. Keep wearing the same hair to school.

6. What will Daugherty advise Promise to do when there’s something disheartening?

A. Switch to a new start.

B. Look on the bright side.

C. Make necessary changes.

D. Share her joy with others.

7. How did Daugherty feel about people’s response to the video?

A. Embarrassed.? B. Worried.

C. Confused.? D. Surprised.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。 10? 歲的小女孩? Promise Sawyers? 天生擁有蓬松發(fā)型，這使她在學(xué)校里遭到了同學(xué)的取笑。 Promise? 并沒有因此而悶悶不樂，?? 而是用陽光的心態(tài)應(yīng)對一切，堅(jiān)守自己的快樂。她的視頻激勵了很多人。

4.A???? 【解析】 詞義猜測題。聯(lián)系畫線詞所在句中的 “with her natural hair” 和第二段第二句 “In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling ‘some type of way’ after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before.” 可知，同學(xué)們嘲笑的是她的頭發(fā)。由此可推知， afro 指的是一種發(fā)型。故選 A 。

5.D???? 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句 “But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the following day.” 可知， Promise? 被同學(xué)們嘲笑后，決定第二天仍然保持著同樣的發(fā)型 去上學(xué)。故選 D 。

6.B???? 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句 “She’s always taught her daughter to ‘meet a negative with a positive’, even when somebody is trying to bring her down.” 可知， Daugherty? 一直教女兒在遇到令她沮喪的事情時(shí)用積極樂觀的心態(tài)去面對。由此可推知，當(dāng)女兒遇到令人氣餒的事情時(shí)， Daugherty? 會建議她去看到陽光的一面。故選 B 。

7.D???? 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中? Daugherty? 所說的 “We had no idea the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messages” 可知，她此前沒有料想到這個(gè)視頻能引起如此大的反響。由此可推知，她對人們對該視頻的反應(yīng)感到吃驚。故選 D 。

C

Most squirrels don’t hibernate( 冬眠 ). Instead, they store food for the cold season and spend the winter in their nests. But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism( 新陳代謝 ), and body temperature dramatically drop during their long rest, which is similar to bears and other hibernating animals.

To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concentration( 血液濃度 ) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty. The sleeping squirrels' blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldn’t drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their blood serum.

Next, the researchers wanted to know how the squirrels’ blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute( 稀釋 ) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the animals actually drank less water than they normally did.

Instead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes( 電解質(zhì) )like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the researchers reported last month in Current Biology. The finding could also explain how other hibernating animals stay containing water.

This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes( 糖尿病 ), or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people can figure out how to drop their blood concentration, it’s unlikely they’ll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.

8. What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?

A. They don’t hibernate like many other squirrels.

B. They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest.

C. They can live for months without water during hibernation.

D. Their heart rule and body temperature are extremely abnormal.

9. The hibernating squirrels don' feel thirsty because of their___________.

A. high blood concentration? B. low blood concentration

C. low body temperature? D. high heart rate

10. Hibernating squirrels adjust their blood concentrations by_____________.

A. Drinking much water before hibernation

B. Not eating anything during hibernation

C. Drinking less water than they normally do

D. Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere

11. What is the author’s attitude towards the new findings?

A. Objective? B. Positive

C. Disappointing? D. Uncaring

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種冬眠的松鼠，地松鼠。它以將電解質(zhì)從血液中換到其他地方儲存的方式來降低血液濃度，而這項(xiàng)發(fā)明可能用于治療糖尿病等人類疾病。

8. C?? 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段 For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all 可知，地松鼠可以多達(dá) 8 個(gè)月不吃不喝。即地松鼠冬眠時(shí)可以數(shù)個(gè)月不喝水。故選 C 。

9. B 【解析】推理判斷題。由第二段 a high blood concentration( 血液濃度 ) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty 可知血液濃度高促使動物包括人類感到口渴，由此可以推斷出冬眠的松鼠不口渴是因?yàn)檠簼舛鹊汀９蔬x B 。

10.D? 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段 chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes( 電解質(zhì) )like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body 可知，化學(xué)測試表明松鼠調(diào)節(jié)血液濃度是通過將電解質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移至身體其他部位儲存的方式進(jìn)行的，即移走某種特定的物質(zhì)即電解質(zhì)，并儲存到其他地方。故選 D 。

11.B? 【解析】 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由最后一段可知這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)可以用來治療糖尿病或者幫助長時(shí)間在太空站的宇航員，有實(shí)際運(yùn)用的價(jià)值，即作者對此持積極態(tài)度。故選 B 。

D

What inspires kids to be creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students’ effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates, or money.

Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation? and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary( 金錢的 ) rewards sparks creativity in primary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli( 刺激 ) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

"If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."

A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with students lacking in creativity and motivation, Eisenberger says. As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading standards and adopt failing grades at major universities.

In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.

12. Psychologists are divided in their attitudes toward _____.

A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards

B. the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativity

C. the relationship between actions and their consequences

D. the effects of external rewards on students' performance

13. Which of the following does NOT belong to examples of “external rewards”?

A. Tom received a certificate for winning a speech competition.

B. Mary was praised by the teacher for making progress in English.

C. Jacky made great efforts to enter a major university.

D. John was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.

14. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?

A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.

B. Assigning them tasks which require creativity.

C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.

D. Giving them rewards they hope for.

15. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because? they think _____.

A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students

B. punishing students is more effective than rewarding them

C. failing unmotivated students helps improve their academic standards

D. discouraging students’ expectation of easy rewards is important

【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章主要說明了心理學(xué)家對外部獎勵對學(xué)生成績的影響的態(tài)度有分歧。而教育工作者則認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)耐獠开剟畲碳ご_實(shí)能激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力，但是如果給予表現(xiàn)不好的學(xué)生獎勵則可能會扼殺創(chuàng)造力。

12. D?? 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.? （心理學(xué)家對外部獎勵 ( 從溫暖的表揚(yáng)到冷冰冰的現(xiàn)金 ) 如何影響動機(jī)和創(chuàng)造力持相反的觀點(diǎn)）可知，心理學(xué)家對外部獎勵對學(xué)生成績的影響的態(tài)度有分歧。故選 D 。

13.C? 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.? （心理學(xué)家對外部獎勵 ( 從溫暖的表揚(yáng)到冷冰冰的現(xiàn)金 ) 如何影響動機(jī)和創(chuàng)造力持相反的觀點(diǎn)）可知，外部獎勵包括表揚(yáng)到現(xiàn)金。分析選項(xiàng)可知 C 選項(xiàng) “ 杰克努力進(jìn)入一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。 ” 并不屬于 “ 外部獎勵 ” 的例子。故選 C 。

14.C? 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段 "If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards." （位于紐瓦克的特拉華大學(xué)的 Robert Eisenberger 說 :“ 如果孩子們知道他們是為了獎勵而工作，并且能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谝粋€(gè)相對有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，他們就會表現(xiàn)出最大的創(chuàng)造力。 ”“ 但如果對表現(xiàn)不佳的學(xué)生給予獎勵，或者對獎勵的渴望太強(qiáng)烈，就很容易扼殺創(chuàng)造力。 ” ）提到孩子們是為了獲得獎賞而從事一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作時(shí)創(chuàng)造力最強(qiáng)，而如果對那些表現(xiàn)不好的學(xué)生也給予獎賞則會扼殺創(chuàng)造力，可見 Robert Eisenberger 觀點(diǎn)是給他們應(yīng)得的獎勵。故選 C 。

15.A? 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中 "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards." （ “ 但如果對表現(xiàn)不佳的學(xué)生給予獎勵，或者對獎勵的渴望太強(qiáng)烈，就很容易扼殺創(chuàng)造力。 ” ）可知，如果一個(gè)老師對表現(xiàn)不好的學(xué)生也給予獎賞就會導(dǎo)致學(xué)生缺乏創(chuàng)造力，故從文章中可以推斷，各大大學(xué)正試圖提高他們的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為獎勵不好的表現(xiàn)可能會扼殺學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力。故選 A 。

第二節(jié)?? （共 5 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 10 分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

As high school students, we must spend the vast majority of our time in class and reading books.? 16.?? Without a friend, our world would be a wilderness. What kind of friends should we pick? What are the dos and don’ts of friendship? Here are some of my opinions.

17.?? We may consider different people we meet every day to be nice and feel like making friends with them. However, not all good people are matches for us. Rather than make friends with the popular students, we should spend time with those we have things in common with, or who will be there to listen to us. Moreover, we should be careful about students with many bad habits, since they could pass those habits on to us.

Being tolerant is a good idea. No one is perfect.? 18.?? Therefore, we should try to understand our friends and be patient with them when they make mistakes since we’re all on a journey to being better people. Gradually, our friendships will last longer and become more solid.

Be honest.? 19.?? However, it’s better to be honest with friends, to tell them what is bothering us and seek their advice. Being honest will not annoy your friends, but it will bring you and your friend closer together.

We need to be open-minded. Listen to others’ ideas, whether you agree with them or not, and be happy to make friends with your friends’ friends.? 20.

A. We must be careful.

B. We need to be well-informed.

C. As is said, honesty is the best policy.

D. A friend without faults will never be found.

E. None are so deaf as those who will not hear.

F. Still, spending time with friends is also necessary and good for us.

G. We all tend to show our positive side to friends and hide our true feelings.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了四點(diǎn)作者對于擁有好友的觀點(diǎn)和看法，如應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎地交朋友；應(yīng)該接受朋友的缺點(diǎn)；對朋友最好誠實(shí)；保持開放的心態(tài)傾聽別人的想法等。

16.F? 根據(jù)前句 As high school students, we must spend the vast majority of our time in class and reading books.? 作為高中生，我們必須把大部分時(shí)間花在上課和讀書上，和后句 Without a friend, our world would be a wilderness. 沒有朋友，我們的世界將是一片荒野?？芍?，此句為承上啟下句，花時(shí)間和朋友在一起也是必要的，對我們有好處。故選 F 。

17.A? 此處為本段的主題句。根據(jù)后文 However, not all good people are matches for us.? 并不是所有

的好人都適合我們，和 Moreover, we should be careful about students with many bad habits, since they could pass those habits on to us.? 我們應(yīng)該小心有很多壞習(xí)慣的學(xué)生，因?yàn)樗麄儠堰@些習(xí)慣傳給我們。可知，我們必須小心（交友）。故選 A 。

18.D? 根據(jù)前句 No one is perfect.? 人無完人，可知，沒有缺點(diǎn)的朋友是永遠(yuǎn)找不到的。故選 D 。

19. G 根據(jù)本段主題句 Be honest.? 對朋友誠實(shí)，和后句的轉(zhuǎn)折 However, it’s better to be honest with friends, to tell them what is bothering us and seek their advice.? 然而，最好對朋友誠實(shí)，告訴他們是什么困擾著我們，并征求他們的意見?？芍?，我們都傾向于向朋友展示我們積極的一面，隱藏我們的真實(shí)感受。故選 G 。

20.E? 根據(jù)前句 Listen to others’ ideas, whether you agree with them or not, and be happy to make friends with your friends’ friends.? 傾聽他人的想法，不管你是否同意他們的觀點(diǎn)，并樂于和你朋友的朋友交朋友，可知，要樂于傾聽。故選 E 。

第二部分　 語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分 45 分）

第一節(jié)?? 完形填空（共 20 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 30 分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Over two weeks ago I was standing on the summit of Mount Qomolangma. It was the top of many years’ hard work, and the? 21?? of a childhood dream.

I have been overwhelmed by the tide of goodwill and?? 22?? . But one thing has become?? 23?? apparent. Many people have constant misunderstandings about Mount Qomolangma. In their?? 24 ,? Qomolangma has?? 25?? her crown. She has become a mountain synonymous with death, exploitation and? 26

The most common question I get asked is: “Is it? 27?? in rubbish?” As a United Nations patron(? 資?? 助?? 人? ) of the wilderness, one of my roles is to? 28?? back from the Earth’s remaining wildernesses and to act as a? 29?? for the wild.

I climbed Qomolangma expecting a rubbish dump but what I found?? 30?? me: I?? 31?? saw any litter, from the airport to the summit.

The Nepalese have?? 32?? some huge clean-up campaigns in recent years, perhaps to improve their reputation, but also in response to some tragic natural disasters. The government?? 33?? a number of requirements including that each climber?? 34?? an additional 8kg of litter (not including their own) and incentives(? 激勵 ) for Sherpas(? 夏爾巴人 ) of $2 per kilo of rubbish cleaned.

The results have been?? 35? . The country lanes of Great Britain have more rubbish than the? 36?? to base camp; despite the 100,000 footfalls I saw one of the cleanest, tidiest wilderness trails I have encountered.

I have spent time in many of the world’s popular wilderness locations and I would say Nepal should be?? 37?? . It is an example of man repairing the?? 38?? he has done. As our focus turns to the oceans and the seemingly? 39?? task of repairing our marine habitat, we could look at Qomolangma as a fine? 40?? of turning back the clock.

21. A. realization? B. motivation? C. connection? D. schedule

22. A. respond? B. protection? C. change? D. support

23. A. strangely? B. naturally? C. increasingly? D. easily

24. A. symptoms? B. minds? C. stories? D. permits

25. A. lost? B. fed? C. counted? D. saved

26. A. adventure? B. pollution? C. settlement? D. choice

27. A. covered? B. seized? C. found? D. poured

28. A. expect? B. appreciate? C. apply? D. report

29. A. plan? B. title? C. voice? D. lesson

30. A. surprised? B. served? C. forced? D. stressed

31. A. silently? B. eagerly? C. frankly? D. hardly

32. A. challenged? B. conducted? C. observed? D. qualified

33. A. appealed to? B. taken in? C. depended on? D. put forward

34. A. share? B. confirm? C. remove? D. bear

35. A. selective? B. familiar? C. impressive? D. repairable

36. A. reality? B. trail? C. opportunity? D. league

37. A. vital? B. proud? C. simple? D. unique

38. A. conclusion? B. convenience? C. arrangement? D. damage

39. A. impossible? B. necessary? C. unusual? D. extra

40. A. content? B. direction? C. example? D. situation

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者登上珠穆朗瑪峰的故事。在作者以前的印象中，珠峰充滿著死亡、開發(fā)和垃圾。親歷之后，作者對珠峰的印象大為改觀，并盛贊當(dāng)?shù)卣囊恍┳龇?，呼吁人們效仿，使世界環(huán)境變得更美好。

21. A?? 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是多年努力的結(jié)果，也是一個(gè)兒時(shí)夢想的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 A. realization 實(shí)現(xiàn)； B. motivation 動機(jī)； C. connection 連接； D. schedule 日程表。作者經(jīng)過多年的努力，終于登上珠峰，說兒時(shí)的夢想得以實(shí)現(xiàn)（ realization ）。故選 A 。

22. D?? 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我被善意和支持的潮水淹沒了。 A. respond 答復(fù)； B. protection 保護(hù)； C. change 改變； D. support 支持。根據(jù)前面的? goodwill? 可知，該空與其意義相近，故選? support ，表示作者得到很多善意和支持。故選 D 。

23. C?? 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但有一件事變得越來越明顯。 A. strangely 奇怪地； B. naturally 自然地； C. increasingly 不斷增加地； D. easily 容易地。在得到大量支持之際，有一件事情變得日益 (increasingly ) 明顯。 因?yàn)橐恢币詠?，人們對珠峰就有誤解，并且這種誤解至今存在于很多人心目中。故選 C 。

24. B?? 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們的心目中，珠穆朗瑪峰已經(jīng)失去了她的王冠。 A. symptoms 癥狀； B. minds 頭腦； C. stories 故事； D. permits 允許。介詞短語? in one’s minds? 意為 “ 在 …… 的心目中 ” 。?? 故選 B 。

25. A?? 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們的心目中，珠穆朗瑪峰已經(jīng)失去了她的王冠。 A. lost 失去； B. fed 喂食； C. counted 數(shù)； D. saved 保存。根據(jù)下文語境中的? She has become a mountain synonymous with death, exploitation? 可知，珠峰風(fēng)光不再，即它失去了 (lost) 王冠。故選 A 。

26. B?? 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在很多人的印象中，珠峰充滿著死亡、開發(fā)和污染（ pollution ）。 A. adventure 冒險(xiǎn)； B. pollution 污染； C. settlement 解決； D. choice 選擇。下文多次提到人們清理垃圾的事情，所以此處選? pollution 。故選 B 。

27. A?? 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我被問到的最常見的問題是 :“ 它被垃圾覆蓋了嗎 ?”A. covered 覆蓋； B. seized 抓住； C. found 發(fā)現(xiàn)； D. poured 傾倒。根據(jù)上文語境提到的人們對珠峰的印象不好可知，作者經(jīng)常被問的一個(gè)問題就是：珠峰是不是被垃圾覆蓋 (covered) ？故選 A 。

28. D?? 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的一個(gè)任務(wù)就是向聯(lián)合國匯報(bào) (report) 地球上剩下的荒野的狀況。 A. expect 期盼； B. appreciate 欣賞； C. apply 應(yīng)用； D. report 匯報(bào)。作為受聯(lián)合國資助的登山者，作者的一個(gè)任務(wù)就是向聯(lián)合國匯報(bào) (report) 地球上剩下的荒野的狀況。故選 D 。

29. C?? 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：并且為此荒野發(fā)聲。 A. plan 計(jì)劃； B. title 頭銜； C. voice 聲音； D. lesson 教訓(xùn)。動詞短語? act as a voice for... 意為 “ 作為 …… 的代言人 ” ，作者想為大自然發(fā)聲。故選 C 。

30.A???? 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我爬珠穆朗瑪峰，以為會有一個(gè)垃圾場，但我的發(fā)現(xiàn)讓我驚訝。 A. surprised 吃驚； B. served 服務(wù)； C. forced 迫使； D. stressed 著重。作者的想象與真實(shí)情況截然不同，故讓作者大為吃驚 (surprised) 。故選 A 。

31.D???? 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：從機(jī)場到山頂，我?guī)缀蹩床坏饺魏卫?A. silently 默默地； B. eagerly 渴望地； C. frankly 坦率地； D. hardly 幾乎沒有。由后面語境提到的垃圾清理情況可知，作者從機(jī)場到山頂幾乎沒有 (hardly) 看見垃圾。故選 D 。

32.B???? 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：尼泊爾人近年來進(jìn)行了一些大規(guī)模的清理運(yùn)動。 A. challenged 挑戰(zhàn)； B. conducted 實(shí)施； C. observed 觀察； D. qualified 合格。這里指最近幾年，尼泊爾人開展垃圾清理運(yùn)動。 conduct campaigns? 意為 “ 開展活動 ” 。?? 故選 B 。

33. D?? 考查動詞短語詞義辨析。政府提出了許多要求，句意： A. appealed to? 呼吁； B. taken in 吸收； C. depended on 依靠； D. put forward 提出。尼泊爾政府對登山者也提出了 (put forward) 一些要求。故選 D 。

34. C?? 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)登山者清除額外的 8 公斤的垃圾 ( 不包括自身的 ) 。 A. share 分享； B. confirm 證實(shí)； C. remove 清除； D. bear 忍受。這些要求包括清除 (remove) 額外的? 8? 公斤垃圾，不包括自己的垃圾。故選 C 。

35. C?? 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果令人印象深刻。 A. selective 可選擇的；? B. familiar 熟悉的； C. impressive 印象深刻的； D. repairable 可修繕的。這些措施產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果給人們留下了非常深刻的印象 (impressive) 。故選 C 。

36.B???? 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：英國鄉(xiāng)間小路上的垃圾比通往大本營的小道還多。 A. reality? 現(xiàn)實(shí)； B. trail 小道； C. opportunity 機(jī)會； D. league 同盟。與通往登山大本營的小道 (trail) 相比，英國的村間小道的垃圾都比這里多。盡管有成千上萬的腳步走過，作者看到了一條他遇到過的最干凈、最整潔的荒野小徑。下一句 “I saw one of the cleanest, tidiest wilderness trails I have encountered.” 中的? trails? 是提示。故選 B 。

37. B?? 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我認(rèn)為尼泊爾應(yīng)該感到自豪。 A. vital 極重要的； B. proud 驕傲的； C. simple 簡單的； D. unique 獨(dú)特的。根據(jù)作者的描述可知，尼泊爾政府采取了很多清理垃圾的舉措，效果明顯，故應(yīng)該引以為豪 (proud) 。故選 B 。

38. D??? 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)人類彌補(bǔ)他所造成的傷害的例子。 A. conclusion 結(jié)論； B. convenience 方便； C. arrangement 安排； D. damage 破壞。這是人類修復(fù)自己對大自然造成的破壞 (damage) 。故選 D 。

39.A???? 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這一看似不可能完成的任務(wù)。 A. impossible 不可能的； B. necessary 必須的； C. unusual 不同尋常的； D. extra 額外的。人類對海洋棲息地造成的破壞非常嚴(yán)重，要想修復(fù)非常困難，看起來是不太可能的 (impossible) 。故選 A 。

40.C???? 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們可以把珠穆朗瑪峰作為一個(gè)讓時(shí)間倒流的典范。 A. content 內(nèi)容； B. direction 方向； C. example 例子； D. situation 狀況。根據(jù)上文語境可知，珠峰的垃圾清理取得不錯(cuò)的效果，我們可以把珠峰作為恢復(fù)原貌的典范。這里作者呼吁人類也應(yīng)該像清理珠峰一樣去清理海洋垃圾。 a fine example“ 典范 ” 。?? 故選 C 。

第二節(jié) （共 10 小題；每小題 l5 分，滿分 15 分）

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入 1 個(gè) 適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

If this 13-year-old American boy succeeds in his effort? 41.?? (climb) Mount Everest, he has modest ambitions — pick a small piece of rock from the top of the world as a memento ( 紀(jì)念品? ) and wear it in a necklace.

"I will not sell it or give it to anyone. It is something for? 42.?? (me) to say ‘this is a rock from the summit', ” Jordan Romero from California, told reporters in Kathmandu. He left? 43.?? the mountain on Sunday.

If he? 44.?? (succeed), Romero will become? 45.?? youngest climber to scale the 8,850 meters Everest summit.? 46.?? (current) a 16-year-old Nepali boy, Temba Tsheri Sherpa, holds the record of being the world 's youngest climber of Mount Everest. But Romero said he was not after? 47.?? (set) climbing records.

Romero said Mount Qomolangma was part of his goal to climb the highest mountains on all seven? 48.?? (continent).

"It is just a goal,” he? 49.?? (say) confidently. "If I don't succeed I am okay. I will try again. ”

Romero has already climbed Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mount McKinley in Alaska among others.

"I know it requires a lot of? 50.?? (patient). I will remain patient. I want to stay safe and make right choice, ”Romero said.

【答案】

41. to climb42. myself43. for44. succeeds45. the

46. Currently47. setting48. continents49. said50. patience

【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位 13 歲的美國男孩準(zhǔn)備攀登珠穆朗瑪峰，如果他成功登頂，他將創(chuàng)下最年輕登頂?shù)募o(jì)錄，此前的紀(jì)錄是一名 16 歲男孩保持的。

41.? 考查非謂語動詞。句意：如果這個(gè) 13 歲的美國男孩成功攀登珠穆朗瑪峰，他的雄心壯志 —— 從世界之巔挑一塊小巖石作為紀(jì)念品，然后戴在自己的脖子上。 in one’s effort to do sth 意為努力做 … ，故填 to climb 。

42.? 考查代詞。句意：對于我來說，它是我說的 “ 這是山頂?shù)囊粔K石頭 ” 的某個(gè)東西。分析句子可知， say 的主語和賓語都是這個(gè)小男孩，因此需要使用反身代詞。故填 myself 。

43.? 考查介詞。句意：他星期天出發(fā)上山。文章第一句提到 “If this 13-year-old American boy succeeds in his effort…” 如果這個(gè)小男孩成功了的話，說明男孩那時(shí)還未出發(fā)登山， leave for 意為出發(fā)至某處，為固定搭配，故填 for 。

44.? 考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：如果他成功的話，他就會成為最年輕的登山員。分析句子可知，男孩成為登山員的條件是他成功了，即指某一件事情實(shí)現(xiàn)之后（狀語從句中的動作），其它事情（主句中的動作）才能發(fā)生，通常譯作 “ 假如、如果 …” ，在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，表示將來時(shí)態(tài)，主句是一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，祈使句或情態(tài)動詞，從句要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，即主將從現(xiàn)原則，該句中主語 he 是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，因此句中謂語也要使用三單形式。故填 succeeds 。

45.? 考查定冠詞。句意：如果他成功的話，他就會成為爬上 8850 米珠穆朗瑪峰最年輕的登山員。分析句子可知， youngest 為形容詞的最高級，因此需要定冠詞 the 修飾限定，故填 the 。

46.? 考查副詞。句意：目前，一名 16 歲的尼泊爾男孩 Temba Tsheri Sherpa 保持著世界最年輕的珠穆朗瑪峰登山者紀(jì)錄。分析句子可知，需用副詞作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子。故填 Currently 。

47.? 考查非謂語動詞。句意：但在創(chuàng)造了攀登紀(jì)錄后， Romero 說他并不是。分析句子可知， after 為介詞，介詞后動詞需使用動名詞形式，故填 setting 。

48.? 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意： Romero 說，珠穆朗瑪峰是他攀登七大洲最高峰的目標(biāo)之一。分析句子可知， seven 是復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此修飾的名詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填 continents 。

49.? 考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他自信地說。分析文章可知，整篇文章使用了一般過去時(shí)，為保證時(shí)態(tài)一致性，因此需使用一般過去時(shí)，故填 said 。

50.? 考查名詞。句意：我知道這需要很大的耐心。分析句子可知， a lot of 后接名詞，因此需將 patient 改為名詞形式。故填 patience 。

第三部分?? 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分 35 分）

第一節(jié)?? 短文改錯(cuò) （共 10 小題；每小題 l 分，滿分 10 分）

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有 10 處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（ ∧ ），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：

1.? 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.? 只允許修改 10 處，多者（從第 11 處起）不計(jì)分。

I’m having wonderful time here in France. Now I’m drinking fr?ccs in one of the open-air café. The first day when we went on a guided tour of Paris. We saw most of the famous sights like the Louvre, where they have an amazed collection of paintings, but the Eiffel Tower. Yesterday we went down to the South of France by train. It was such fast that the whole journey was only about three hours. We spend a little time in Nice and in Cannes as well, and we all real enjoyed the journey. I practiced speak my French a little and I spoke them when I did shopping.

【答案】 wonderful 前加 a

café → cafés/cafes

去掉 when

amazed → amazing

but → and

such → so

spend → spent

real → really

speak → speaking

them → it

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者在法國旅游的經(jīng)歷。

【詳解】

第一處：考查冠詞。雖然 time 不可數(shù)名詞，但在形容詞修飾 time 會加 “a” 不定冠詞，通常用來表示一段時(shí)期。 故將 wonderful 前加 a 。

第二處：考查名詞數(shù)。 one of 后加名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將 café? 改為? cafés/cafes 。

第三處：考查時(shí)間狀語。分析句子可知，句中 The first day 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，句中無定語從句。故去掉 when 。

第四處：考查形容詞。修飾名詞 collection of paintings ，指物，前用形容詞 amazing 修飾，表示 “ 令人驚異的 ” 。故將 amazed? 改為 amazing 。

第五處：考查連詞。這里指 “ 那里有驚人的繪畫收藏品，還有埃菲爾鐵塔。 ” 前后為并列關(guān)系，故所以用連詞 and 。故將 but 改為? and 。

第六處：考查副詞。這里考查 so + adj. + that 從句，而 such 后接名詞。故將 such? 改為 so 。

第七處：考查時(shí)態(tài)。從全文可知用一般過去時(shí)。故將 spend 改為 spent 。

第八處：考查副詞。修飾動詞 enjoyed 用副詞形式。故將 real 改為 really 。

第九處：考查短語。短語 practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事。故將 speak 改為 speaking 。

第十處：考查代詞。這里指代前文中的 my French ，為不可數(shù)名詞，故用 it 代指。故將 them 改為 it 。

第二節(jié)?? 書面表達(dá)（滿分 25 分）

假定你是某中學(xué)學(xué)生李華。你的美國筆友 Zoey 對目前國內(nèi)的交通出行很感興趣，來信詢問相關(guān)情況。請你用英文給她寫一封回信，內(nèi)容包括：

1.? 現(xiàn)在中國人出行的主要交通工具；

2.? 日常工作和生活中，人們?nèi)绾芜x擇出行方式；

3.? 期望能了解英國的相關(guān)情況。

注意： 1.? 詞數(shù)不少于 100 ；

2.? 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Zoey,

I am writing to tell you something about the present transportation in China.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【 范文 】

Dear Zoey,

I am writing to tell you something about the present transportation in China.

First of all, the major transportation used in China are divided into two categories, including private ones, which usually are referred to private cars and public ones, which commonly includes trains and airplanes. Secondly, it is convenient for people to choose proper ways in their daily life. In most cases, they prefer to use private cars when it is not too far or when they want to enjoy a short trip. However, taking time and distance into consideration, they will travel by train or even by plane when efficiency is needed. Anyhow, nowadays, travelling by train or plane is not as expensive as before and train in China develops so rapidly, widely known as Chinese Speed.

Hope to know some detail information about transportation in your country. Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua